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   1 /**
   2  * Copyright (c) 2010-2021 Contributors to the openHAB project
   3  *
   4  * See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
   5  * information.
   6  *
   7  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
   8  * terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at
   9  * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0
  10  *
  11  * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
  12  */
  13 package org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.handler;
  14
  15 import static org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.*;
  16
  17 import java.math.BigDecimal;
  18 import java.time.Duration;
  19 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
  20 import java.util.Collection;
  21 import java.util.Collections;
  22 import java.util.HashMap;
  23 import java.util.List;
  24 import java.util.Map;
  25 import java.util.Objects;
  26 import java.util.Optional;
  27 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  28 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
  29
  30 import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNullByDefault;
  31 import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.Nullable;
  32 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.handler.EndpointNotInitializedException;
  33 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.handler.ModbusEndpointThingHandler;
  34 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.handler.ModbusPollerThingHandler;
  35 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.CascadedValueTransformationImpl;
  36 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.ModbusBindingConstantsInternal;
  37 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.ModbusConfigurationException;
  38 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.SingleValueTransformation;
  39 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.ValueTransformation;
  40 import org.openhab.binding.modbus.internal.config.ModbusDataConfiguration;
  41 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.AsyncModbusFailure;
  42 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.AsyncModbusReadResult;
  43 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.AsyncModbusWriteResult;
  44 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.BitArray;
  45 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusBitUtilities;
  46 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusCommunicationInterface;
  47 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusConstants;
  48 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusConstants.ValueType;
  49 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusReadFunctionCode;
  50 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusReadRequestBlueprint;
  51 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusRegisterArray;
  52 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusWriteCoilRequestBlueprint;
  53 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusWriteRegisterRequestBlueprint;
  54 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint;
  55 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.exception.ModbusConnectionException;
  56 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.exception.ModbusTransportException;
  57 import org.openhab.core.io.transport.modbus.json.WriteRequestJsonUtilities;
  58 import org.openhab.core.library.items.ContactItem;
  59 import org.openhab.core.library.items.DateTimeItem;
  60 import org.openhab.core.library.items.DimmerItem;
  61 import org.openhab.core.library.items.NumberItem;
  62 import org.openhab.core.library.items.RollershutterItem;
  63 import org.openhab.core.library.items.StringItem;
  64 import org.openhab.core.library.items.SwitchItem;
  65 import org.openhab.core.library.types.DateTimeType;
  66 import org.openhab.core.library.types.DecimalType;
  67 import org.openhab.core.library.types.OnOffType;
  68 import org.openhab.core.library.types.OpenClosedType;
  69 import org.openhab.core.thing.Bridge;
  70 import org.openhab.core.thing.ChannelUID;
  71 import org.openhab.core.thing.Thing;
  72 import org.openhab.core.thing.ThingStatus;
  73 import org.openhab.core.thing.ThingStatusDetail;
  74 import org.openhab.core.thing.ThingStatusInfo;
  75 import org.openhab.core.thing.binding.BaseThingHandler;
  76 import org.openhab.core.thing.binding.BridgeHandler;
  77 import org.openhab.core.thing.binding.ThingHandlerCallback;
  78 import org.openhab.core.types.Command;
  79 import org.openhab.core.types.RefreshType;
  80 import org.openhab.core.types.State;
  81 import org.openhab.core.types.UnDefType;
  82 import org.openhab.core.util.HexUtils;
  83 import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
  84 import org.osgi.framework.FrameworkUtil;
  85 import org.slf4j.Logger;
  86 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  87
  88 /**
  89  * The {@link ModbusDataThingHandler} is responsible for interpreting polled modbus data, as well as handling openHAB
  90  * commands
  91  *
  92  * Thing can be re-initialized by the bridge in case of configuration changes (bridgeStatusChanged).
  93  * Because of this, initialize, dispose and all callback methods (onRegisters, onBits, onError, onWriteResponse) are
  94  * synchronized
  95  * to avoid data race conditions.
  96  *
  97  * @author Sami Salonen - Initial contribution
  98  */
  99 @NonNullByDefault
 100 public class ModbusDataThingHandler extends BaseThingHandler {
 101
 102     private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ModbusDataThingHandler.class);
 103
 104     private final BundleContext bundleContext;
 105
 106     private static final Duration MIN_STATUS_INFO_UPDATE_INTERVAL = Duration.ofSeconds(1);
 107     private static final Map<String, List<Class<? extends State>>> CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES = new HashMap<>();
 108
 109     static {
 110         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_SWITCH,
 111                 new SwitchItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 112         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_CONTACT,
 113                 new ContactItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 114         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_DATETIME,
 115                 new DateTimeItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 116         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_DIMMER,
 117                 new DimmerItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 118         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_NUMBER,
 119                 new NumberItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 120         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_STRING,
 121                 new StringItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 122         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.put(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_ROLLERSHUTTER,
 123                 new RollershutterItem("").getAcceptedDataTypes());
 124     }
 125     // data channels + 4 for read/write last error/success
 126     private static final int NUMER_OF_CHANNELS_HINT = CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.size() + 4;
 127
 128     //
 129     // If you change the below default/initial values, please update the corresponding values in dispose()
 130     //
 131     private volatile @Nullable ModbusDataConfiguration config;
 132     private volatile @Nullable ValueType readValueType;
 133     private volatile @Nullable ValueType writeValueType;
 134     private volatile @Nullable CascadedValueTransformationImpl readTransformation;
 135     private volatile @Nullable CascadedValueTransformationImpl writeTransformation;
 136     private volatile Optional<Integer> readIndex = Optional.empty();
 137     private volatile Optional<Integer> readSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 138     private volatile Optional<Integer> writeStart = Optional.empty();
 139     private volatile Optional<Integer> writeSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 140     private volatile int pollStart;
 141     private volatile int slaveId;
 142     private volatile @Nullable ModbusReadFunctionCode functionCode;
 143     private volatile @Nullable ModbusReadRequestBlueprint readRequest;
 144     private volatile long updateUnchangedValuesEveryMillis;
 145     private volatile @NonNullByDefault({}) ModbusCommunicationInterface comms;
 146     private volatile boolean isWriteEnabled;
 147     private volatile boolean isReadEnabled;
 148     private volatile boolean writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly;
 149     private volatile boolean childOfEndpoint;
 150     private volatile @Nullable ModbusPollerThingHandler pollerHandler;
 151     private volatile Map<String, ChannelUID> channelCache = new HashMap<>();
 152     private volatile Map<ChannelUID, Long> channelLastUpdated = new HashMap<>(NUMER_OF_CHANNELS_HINT);
 153     private volatile Map<ChannelUID, State> channelLastState = new HashMap<>(NUMER_OF_CHANNELS_HINT);
 154
 155     private volatile LocalDateTime lastStatusInfoUpdate = LocalDateTime.MIN;
 156     private volatile ThingStatusInfo statusInfo = new ThingStatusInfo(ThingStatus.UNKNOWN, ThingStatusDetail.NONE,
 157             null);
 158
 159     public ModbusDataThingHandler(Thing thing) {
 160         super(thing);
 161         this.bundleContext = FrameworkUtil.getBundle(ModbusDataThingHandler.class).getBundleContext();
 162     }
 163
 164     @Override
 165     public synchronized void handleCommand(ChannelUID channelUID, Command command) {
 166         logger.trace("Thing {} '{}' received command '{}' to channel '{}'", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 167                 command, channelUID);
 168         ModbusDataConfiguration config = this.config;
 169         if (config == null) {
 170             return;
 171         }
 172
 173         if (RefreshType.REFRESH == command) {
 174             ModbusPollerThingHandler poller = pollerHandler;
 175             if (poller == null) {
 176                 // Data thing must be child of endpoint, and thus write-only.
 177                 // There is no data to update
 178                 return;
 179             }
 180             // We *schedule* the REFRESH to avoid dead-lock situation where poller is trying update this
 181             // data thing with cached data (resulting in deadlock in two synchronized methods: this (handleCommand) and
 182             // onRegisters.
 183             scheduler.schedule(() -> poller.refresh(), 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 184             return;
 185         } else if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 186             logger.debug(
 187                     "Thing {} '{}' command '{}' to channel '{}': Thing has configuration error so ignoring the command",
 188                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), command, channelUID);
 189             return;
 190         } else if (!isWriteEnabled) {
 191             logger.debug(
 192                     "Thing {} '{}' command '{}' to channel '{}': no writing configured -> aborting processing command",
 193                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), command, channelUID);
 194             return;
 195         }
 196
 197         Optional<Command> transformedCommand = transformCommandAndProcessJSON(channelUID, command);
 198         if (transformedCommand == null) {
 199             // We have, JSON as transform output (which has been processed) or some error. See
 200             // transformCommandAndProcessJSON javadoc
 201             return;
 202         }
 203
 204         // We did not have JSON output from the transformation, so writeStart is absolute required. Abort if it is
 205         // missing
 206         Optional<Integer> writeStart = this.writeStart;
 207         if (writeStart.isEmpty()) {
 208             logger.debug(
 209                     "Thing {} '{}': not processing command {} since writeStart is missing and transformation output is not a JSON",
 210                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), command);
 211             return;
 212         }
 213
 214         if (!transformedCommand.isPresent()) {
 215             // transformation failed, return
 216             logger.warn("Cannot process command {} (of type {}) with channel {} since transformation was unsuccessful",
 217                     command, command.getClass().getSimpleName(), channelUID);
 218             return;
 219         }
 220
 221         ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint request = requestFromCommand(channelUID, command, config, transformedCommand.get(),
 222                 writeStart.get());
 223         if (request == null) {
 224             return;
 225         }
 226
 227         logger.trace("Submitting write task {} to endpoint {}", request, comms.getEndpoint());
 228         comms.submitOneTimeWrite(request, this::onWriteResponse, this::handleWriteError);
 229     }
 230
 231     /**
 232      * Transform received command using the transformation.
 233      *
 234      * In case of JSON as transformation output, the output processed using {@link processJsonTransform}.
 235      *
 236      * @param channelUID channel UID corresponding to received command
 237      * @param command command to be transformed
 238      * @return transformed command. Null is returned with JSON transformation outputs and configuration errors
 239      *
 240      * @see processJsonTransform
 241      */
 242     private @Nullable Optional<Command> transformCommandAndProcessJSON(ChannelUID channelUID, Command command) {
 243         String transformOutput;
 244         Optional<Command> transformedCommand;
 245         ValueTransformation writeTransformation = this.writeTransformation;
 246         if (writeTransformation == null || writeTransformation.isIdentityTransform()) {
 247             transformedCommand = Optional.of(command);
 248         } else {
 249             transformOutput = writeTransformation.transform(bundleContext, command.toString());
 250             if (transformOutput.contains("[")) {
 251                 processJsonTransform(command, transformOutput);
 252                 return null;
 253             } else if (writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly) {
 254                 updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.CONFIGURATION_ERROR, String.format(
 255                         "Seems to have writeTransformation but no other write parameters. Since the transformation did not return a JSON for command '%s' (channel %s), this is a configuration error",
 256                         command, channelUID));
 257                 return null;
 258             } else {
 259                 transformedCommand = SingleValueTransformation.tryConvertToCommand(transformOutput);
 260                 logger.trace("Converted transform output '{}' to command '{}' (type {})", transformOutput,
 261                         transformedCommand.map(c -> c.toString()).orElse("<conversion failed>"),
 262                         transformedCommand.map(c -> c.getClass().getName()).orElse("<conversion failed>"));
 263             }
 264         }
 265         return transformedCommand;
 266     }
 267
 268     private @Nullable ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint requestFromCommand(ChannelUID channelUID, Command origCommand,
 269             ModbusDataConfiguration config, Command transformedCommand, Integer writeStart) {
 270         ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint request;
 271         boolean writeMultiple = config.isWriteMultipleEvenWithSingleRegisterOrCoil();
 272         String writeType = config.getWriteType();
 273         ModbusPollerThingHandler pollerHandler = this.pollerHandler;
 274         if (writeType == null) {
 275             // disposed thing
 276             return null;
 277         }
 278         if (writeType.equals(WRITE_TYPE_COIL)) {
 279             Optional<Boolean> commandAsBoolean = ModbusBitUtilities.translateCommand2Boolean(transformedCommand);
 280             if (!commandAsBoolean.isPresent()) {
 281                 logger.warn(
 282                         "Cannot process command {} with channel {} since command is not OnOffType, OpenClosedType or Decimal trying to write to coil. Do not know how to convert to 0/1. Transformed command was '{}'",
 283                         origCommand, channelUID, transformedCommand);
 284                 return null;
 285             }
 286             boolean data = commandAsBoolean.get();
 287             request = new ModbusWriteCoilRequestBlueprint(slaveId, writeStart, data, writeMultiple,
 288                     config.getWriteMaxTries());
 289         } else if (writeType.equals(WRITE_TYPE_HOLDING)) {
 290             ValueType writeValueType = this.writeValueType;
 291             if (writeValueType == null) {
 292                 // Should not happen in practice, since we are not in configuration error (checked above)
 293                 // This will make compiler happy anyways with the null checks
 294                 logger.warn("Received command but write value type not set! Ignoring command");
 295                 return null;
 296             }
 297             final ModbusRegisterArray data;
 298             if (writeValueType.equals(ValueType.BIT)) {
 299                 if (writeSubIndex.isEmpty()) {
 300                     // Should not happen! should be in configuration error
 301                     logger.error("Bug: sub index not present but writeValueType=BIT. Should be in configuration error");
 302                     return null;
 303                 }
 304                 Optional<Boolean> commandBool = ModbusBitUtilities.translateCommand2Boolean(transformedCommand);
 305                 if (commandBool.isEmpty()) {
 306                     logger.warn(
 307                             "Data thing is configured to write individual bit but we received command that is not convertible to 0/1 bit. Ignoring.");
 308                     return null;
 309                 } else if (pollerHandler == null) {
 310                     logger.warn("Bug: sub index present but not child of poller. Should be in configuration erro");
 311                     return null;
 312                 }
 313
 314                 // writing bit of an individual register. Using cache from poller
 315                 AtomicReference<@Nullable ModbusRegisterArray> cachedRegistersRef = pollerHandler
 316                         .getLastPolledDataCache();
 317                 ModbusRegisterArray mutatedRegisters = cachedRegistersRef
 318                         .updateAndGet(cachedRegisters -> cachedRegisters == null ? null
 319                                 : combineCommandWithRegisters(cachedRegisters, writeStart, writeSubIndex.get(),
 320                                         commandBool.get()));
 321                 if (mutatedRegisters == null) {
 322                     logger.warn(
 323                             "Received command to thing with writeValueType=bit (pointing to individual bit of a holding register) but internal cache not yet populated. Ignoring command");
 324                     return null;
 325                 }
 326                 // extract register (first byte index = register index * 2)
 327                 byte[] allMutatedBytes = mutatedRegisters.getBytes();
 328                 int writeStartRelative = writeStart - pollStart;
 329                 data = new ModbusRegisterArray(allMutatedBytes[writeStartRelative * 2],
 330                         allMutatedBytes[writeStartRelative * 2 + 1]);
 331
 332             } else {
 333                 data = ModbusBitUtilities.commandToRegisters(transformedCommand, writeValueType);
 334             }
 335             writeMultiple = writeMultiple || data.size() > 1;
 336             request = new ModbusWriteRegisterRequestBlueprint(slaveId, writeStart, data, writeMultiple,
 337                     config.getWriteMaxTries());
 338         } else {
 339             // Should not happen! This method is not called in case configuration errors and writeType is validated
 340             // already in initialization (validateAndParseWriteParameters).
 341             // We keep this here for future-proofing the code (new writeType values)
 342             throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
 343                     "writeType does not equal %s or %s and thus configuration is invalid. Should not end up this far with configuration error.",
 344                     WRITE_TYPE_COIL, WRITE_TYPE_HOLDING));
 345         }
 346         return request;
 347     }
 348
 349     /**
 350      * Combine boolean-like command with registers. Updated registers are returned
 351      *
 352      * @return
 353      */
 354     private ModbusRegisterArray combineCommandWithRegisters(ModbusRegisterArray registers, int registerIndex,
 355             int bitIndex, boolean b) {
 356         byte[] allBytes = registers.getBytes();
 357         int bitIndexWithinRegister = bitIndex % 16;
 358         boolean hiByte = bitIndexWithinRegister >= 8;
 359         int indexWithinByte = bitIndexWithinRegister % 8;
 360         int registerIndexRelative = registerIndex - pollStart;
 361         int byteIndex = 2 * registerIndexRelative + (hiByte ? 0 : 1);
 362         if (b) {
 363             allBytes[byteIndex] |= 1 << indexWithinByte;
 364         } else {
 365             allBytes[byteIndex] &= ~(1 << indexWithinByte);
 366         }
 367         if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
 368             logger.trace(
 369                     "Boolean-like command {} from item, combining command with internal register ({}) with registerIndex={} (relative {}), bitIndex={}, resulting register {}",
 370                     b, HexUtils.bytesToHex(registers.getBytes()), registerIndex, registerIndexRelative, bitIndex,
 371                     HexUtils.bytesToHex(allBytes));
 372         }
 373         return new ModbusRegisterArray(allBytes);
 374     }
 375
 376     private void processJsonTransform(Command command, String transformOutput) {
 377         ModbusCommunicationInterface localComms = this.comms;
 378         if (localComms == null) {
 379             return;
 380         }
 381         Collection<ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint> requests;
 382         try {
 383             requests = WriteRequestJsonUtilities.fromJson(slaveId, transformOutput);
 384         } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException e) {
 385             logger.warn(
 386                     "Thing {} '{}' could handle transformation result '{}'. Original command {}. Error details follow",
 387                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), transformOutput, command, e);
 388             return;
 389         }
 390
 391         requests.stream().forEach(request -> {
 392             logger.trace("Submitting write request: {} to endpoint {} (based from transformation {})", request,
 393                     localComms.getEndpoint(), transformOutput);
 394             localComms.submitOneTimeWrite(request, this::onWriteResponse, this::handleWriteError);
 395         });
 396     }
 397
 398     @Override
 399     public synchronized void initialize() {
 400         // Initialize the thing. If done set status to ONLINE to indicate proper working.
 401         // Long running initialization should be done asynchronously in background.
 402         try {
 403             logger.trace("initialize() of thing {} '{}' starting", thing.getUID(), thing.getLabel());
 404             ModbusDataConfiguration localConfig = config = getConfigAs(ModbusDataConfiguration.class);
 405             updateUnchangedValuesEveryMillis = localConfig.getUpdateUnchangedValuesEveryMillis();
 406             Bridge bridge = getBridge();
 407             if (bridge == null || !bridge.getStatus().equals(ThingStatus.ONLINE)) {
 408                 logger.debug("Thing {} '{}' has no bridge or it is not online", getThing().getUID(),
 409                         getThing().getLabel());
 410                 updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.BRIDGE_OFFLINE, "No online bridge");
 411                 return;
 412             }
 413             BridgeHandler bridgeHandler = bridge.getHandler();
 414             if (bridgeHandler == null) {
 415                 logger.warn("Bridge {} '{}' has no handler.", bridge.getUID(), bridge.getLabel());
 416                 String errmsg = String.format("Bridge %s '%s' configuration incomplete or with errors", bridge.getUID(),
 417                         bridge.getLabel());
 418                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 419             }
 420             if (bridgeHandler instanceof ModbusEndpointThingHandler) {
 421                 // Write-only thing, parent is endpoint
 422                 ModbusEndpointThingHandler endpointHandler = (ModbusEndpointThingHandler) bridgeHandler;
 423                 slaveId = endpointHandler.getSlaveId();
 424                 comms = endpointHandler.getCommunicationInterface();
 425                 childOfEndpoint = true;
 426                 functionCode = null;
 427                 readRequest = null;
 428             } else {
 429                 ModbusPollerThingHandler localPollerHandler = (ModbusPollerThingHandler) bridgeHandler;
 430                 pollerHandler = localPollerHandler;
 431                 ModbusReadRequestBlueprint localReadRequest = localPollerHandler.getRequest();
 432                 if (localReadRequest == null) {
 433                     logger.debug(
 434                             "Poller {} '{}' has no read request -- configuration is changing or bridge having invalid configuration?",
 435                             bridge.getUID(), bridge.getLabel());
 436                     updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.BRIDGE_OFFLINE,
 437                             String.format("Poller %s '%s' has no poll task", bridge.getUID(), bridge.getLabel()));
 438                     return;
 439                 }
 440                 readRequest = localReadRequest;
 441                 slaveId = localReadRequest.getUnitID();
 442                 functionCode = localReadRequest.getFunctionCode();
 443                 comms = localPollerHandler.getCommunicationInterface();
 444                 pollStart = localReadRequest.getReference();
 445                 childOfEndpoint = false;
 446             }
 447             validateAndParseReadParameters(localConfig);
 448             validateAndParseWriteParameters(localConfig);
 449             validateMustReadOrWrite();
 450
 451             updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.ONLINE);
 452         } catch (ModbusConfigurationException | EndpointNotInitializedException e) {
 453             logger.debug("Thing {} '{}' initialization error: {}", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 454                     e.getMessage());
 455             updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.CONFIGURATION_ERROR, e.getMessage());
 456         } finally {
 457             logger.trace("initialize() of thing {} '{}' finished", thing.getUID(), thing.getLabel());
 458         }
 459     }
 460
 461     @Override
 462     public synchronized void dispose() {
 463         config = null;
 464         readValueType = null;
 465         writeValueType = null;
 466         readTransformation = null;
 467         writeTransformation = null;
 468         readIndex = Optional.empty();
 469         readSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 470         writeStart = Optional.empty();
 471         writeSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 472         pollStart = 0;
 473         slaveId = 0;
 474         comms = null;
 475         functionCode = null;
 476         readRequest = null;
 477         isWriteEnabled = false;
 478         isReadEnabled = false;
 479         writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly = false;
 480         childOfEndpoint = false;
 481         pollerHandler = null;
 482         channelCache = new HashMap<>();
 483         lastStatusInfoUpdate = LocalDateTime.MIN;
 484         statusInfo = new ThingStatusInfo(ThingStatus.UNKNOWN, ThingStatusDetail.NONE, null);
 485         channelLastUpdated = new HashMap<>(NUMER_OF_CHANNELS_HINT);
 486         channelLastState = new HashMap<>(NUMER_OF_CHANNELS_HINT);
 487     }
 488
 489     @Override
 490     public synchronized void bridgeStatusChanged(ThingStatusInfo bridgeStatusInfo) {
 491         logger.debug("bridgeStatusChanged for {}. Reseting handler", this.getThing().getUID());
 492         this.dispose();
 493         this.initialize();
 494     }
 495
 496     private boolean hasConfigurationError() {
 497         ThingStatusInfo statusInfo = getThing().getStatusInfo();
 498         return statusInfo.getStatus() == ThingStatus.OFFLINE
 499                 && statusInfo.getStatusDetail() == ThingStatusDetail.CONFIGURATION_ERROR;
 500     }
 501
 502     private void validateMustReadOrWrite() throws ModbusConfigurationException {
 503         if (!isReadEnabled && !isWriteEnabled) {
 504             throw new ModbusConfigurationException("Should try to read or write data!");
 505         }
 506     }
 507
 508     private void validateAndParseReadParameters(ModbusDataConfiguration config) throws ModbusConfigurationException {
 509         ModbusReadFunctionCode functionCode = this.functionCode;
 510         boolean readingDiscreteOrCoil = functionCode == ModbusReadFunctionCode.READ_COILS
 511                 || functionCode == ModbusReadFunctionCode.READ_INPUT_DISCRETES;
 512         boolean readStartMissing = config.getReadStart() == null || config.getReadStart().isBlank();
 513         boolean readValueTypeMissing = config.getReadValueType() == null || config.getReadValueType().isBlank();
 514
 515         if (childOfEndpoint && readRequest == null) {
 516             if (!readStartMissing || !readValueTypeMissing) {
 517                 String errmsg = String.format(
 518                         "Thing %s readStart=%s, and readValueType=%s were specified even though the data thing is child of endpoint (that is, write-only)!",
 519                         getThing().getUID(), config.getReadStart(), config.getReadValueType());
 520                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 521             }
 522         }
 523
 524         // we assume readValueType=bit by default if it is missing
 525         boolean allMissingOrAllPresent = (readStartMissing && readValueTypeMissing)
 526                 || (!readStartMissing && (!readValueTypeMissing || readingDiscreteOrCoil));
 527         if (!allMissingOrAllPresent) {
 528             String errmsg = String.format(
 529                     "Thing %s readStart=%s, and readValueType=%s should be all present or all missing!",
 530                     getThing().getUID(), config.getReadStart(), config.getReadValueType());
 531             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 532         } else if (!readStartMissing) {
 533             // all read values are present
 534             isReadEnabled = true;
 535             if (readingDiscreteOrCoil && readValueTypeMissing) {
 536                 readValueType = ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT;
 537             } else {
 538                 try {
 539                     readValueType = ValueType.fromConfigValue(config.getReadValueType());
 540                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 541                     String errmsg = String.format("Thing %s readValueType=%s is invalid!", getThing().getUID(),
 542                             config.getReadValueType());
 543                     throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 544                 }
 545             }
 546
 547             if (readingDiscreteOrCoil && !ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT.equals(readValueType)) {
 548                 String errmsg = String.format(
 549                         "Thing %s invalid readValueType: Only readValueType='%s' (or undefined) supported with coils or discrete inputs. Value type was: %s",
 550                         getThing().getUID(), ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT, config.getReadValueType());
 551                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 552             }
 553         } else {
 554             isReadEnabled = false;
 555         }
 556
 557         if (isReadEnabled) {
 558             String readStart = config.getReadStart();
 559             if (readStart == null) {
 560                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(
 561                         String.format("Thing %s invalid readStart: %s", getThing().getUID(), config.getReadStart()));
 562             }
 563             String[] readParts = readStart.split("\\.", 2);
 564             try {
 565                 readIndex = Optional.of(Integer.parseInt(readParts[0]));
 566                 if (readParts.length == 2) {
 567                     readSubIndex = Optional.of(Integer.parseInt(readParts[1]));
 568                 } else {
 569                     readSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 570                 }
 571             } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 572                 String errmsg = String.format("Thing %s invalid readStart: %s", getThing().getUID(),
 573                         config.getReadStart());
 574                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 575             }
 576         }
 577         readTransformation = new CascadedValueTransformationImpl(config.getReadTransform());
 578         validateReadIndex();
 579     }
 580
 581     private void validateAndParseWriteParameters(ModbusDataConfiguration config) throws ModbusConfigurationException {
 582         boolean writeTypeMissing = config.getWriteType() == null || config.getWriteType().isBlank();
 583         boolean writeStartMissing = config.getWriteStart() == null || config.getWriteStart().isBlank();
 584         boolean writeValueTypeMissing = config.getWriteValueType() == null || config.getWriteValueType().isBlank();
 585         boolean writeTransformationMissing = config.getWriteTransform() == null || config.getWriteTransform().isBlank();
 586         writeTransformation = new CascadedValueTransformationImpl(config.getWriteTransform());
 587         boolean writingCoil = WRITE_TYPE_COIL.equals(config.getWriteType());
 588         writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly = (writeTypeMissing && writeStartMissing && writeValueTypeMissing
 589                 && !writeTransformationMissing);
 590         boolean allMissingOrAllPresentOrOnlyNonDefaultTransform = //
 591                 // read-only thing, no write specified
 592                 (writeTypeMissing && writeStartMissing && writeValueTypeMissing)
 593                         // mandatory write parameters provided. With coils one can drop value type
 594                         || (!writeTypeMissing && !writeStartMissing && (!writeValueTypeMissing || writingCoil))
 595                         // only transformation provided
 596                         || writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly;
 597         if (!allMissingOrAllPresentOrOnlyNonDefaultTransform) {
 598             String errmsg = String.format(
 599                     "writeType=%s, writeStart=%s, and writeValueType=%s should be all present, or all missing! Alternatively, you can provide just writeTransformation, and use transformation returning JSON.",
 600                     config.getWriteType(), config.getWriteStart(), config.getWriteValueType());
 601             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 602         } else if (!writeTypeMissing || writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly) {
 603             isWriteEnabled = true;
 604             // all write values are present
 605             if (!writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly && !WRITE_TYPE_HOLDING.equals(config.getWriteType())
 606                     && !WRITE_TYPE_COIL.equals(config.getWriteType())) {
 607                 String errmsg = String.format("Invalid writeType=%s. Expecting %s or %s!", config.getWriteType(),
 608                         WRITE_TYPE_HOLDING, WRITE_TYPE_COIL);
 609                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 610             }
 611             final ValueType localWriteValueType;
 612             if (writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly) {
 613                 // Placeholder for further checks
 614                 localWriteValueType = writeValueType = ModbusConstants.ValueType.INT16;
 615             } else if (writingCoil && writeValueTypeMissing) {
 616                 localWriteValueType = writeValueType = ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT;
 617             } else {
 618                 try {
 619                     localWriteValueType = writeValueType = ValueType.fromConfigValue(config.getWriteValueType());
 620                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 621                     String errmsg = String.format("Invalid writeValueType=%s!", config.getWriteValueType());
 622                     throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 623                 }
 624             }
 625
 626             try {
 627                 if (!writeParametersHavingTransformationOnly) {
 628                     String localWriteStart = config.getWriteStart();
 629                     if (localWriteStart == null) {
 630                         String errmsg = String.format("Thing %s invalid writeStart: %s", getThing().getUID(),
 631                                 config.getWriteStart());
 632                         throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 633                     }
 634                     String[] writeParts = localWriteStart.split("\\.", 2);
 635                     try {
 636                         writeStart = Optional.of(Integer.parseInt(writeParts[0]));
 637                         if (writeParts.length == 2) {
 638                             writeSubIndex = Optional.of(Integer.parseInt(writeParts[1]));
 639                         } else {
 640                             writeSubIndex = Optional.empty();
 641                         }
 642                     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 643                         String errmsg = String.format("Thing %s invalid writeStart: %s", getThing().getUID(),
 644                                 config.getReadStart());
 645                         throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 646                     }
 647                 }
 648             } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 649                 String errmsg = String.format("Thing %s invalid writeStart: %s", getThing().getUID(),
 650                         config.getWriteStart());
 651                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 652             }
 653
 654             if (writingCoil && !ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT.equals(localWriteValueType)) {
 655                 String errmsg = String.format(
 656                         "Invalid writeValueType: Only writeValueType='%s' (or undefined) supported with coils. Value type was: %s",
 657                         ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT, config.getWriteValueType());
 658                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 659             } else if (writeSubIndex.isEmpty() && !writingCoil && localWriteValueType.getBits() < 16) {
 660                 // trying to write holding registers with < 16 bit value types. Not supported
 661                 String errmsg = String.format(
 662                         "Invalid writeValueType: Only writeValueType with larger or equal to 16 bits are supported holding registers. Value type was: %s",
 663                         config.getWriteValueType());
 664                 throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 665             }
 666
 667             if (writeSubIndex.isPresent()) {
 668                 if (writeValueTypeMissing || writeTypeMissing || !WRITE_TYPE_HOLDING.equals(config.getWriteType())
 669                         || !ModbusConstants.ValueType.BIT.equals(localWriteValueType) || childOfEndpoint) {
 670                     String errmsg = String.format(
 671                             "Thing %s invalid writeType, writeValueType or parent. Since writeStart=X.Y, one should set writeType=holding, writeValueType=bit and have the thing as child of poller",
 672                             getThing().getUID(), config.getWriteStart());
 673                     throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 674                 }
 675                 ModbusReadRequestBlueprint readRequest = this.readRequest;
 676                 if (readRequest == null
 677                         || readRequest.getFunctionCode() != ModbusReadFunctionCode.READ_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
 678                     String errmsg = String.format(
 679                             "Thing %s invalid. Since writeStart=X.Y, expecting poller reading holding registers.",
 680                             getThing().getUID());
 681                     throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 682                 }
 683             }
 684             validateWriteIndex();
 685         } else {
 686             isWriteEnabled = false;
 687         }
 688     }
 689
 690     private void validateReadIndex() throws ModbusConfigurationException {
 691         @Nullable
 692         ModbusReadRequestBlueprint readRequest = this.readRequest;
 693         ValueType readValueType = this.readValueType;
 694         if (!readIndex.isPresent() || readRequest == null) {
 695             return;
 696         }
 697         assert readValueType != null;
 698         // bits represented by the value type, e.g. int32 -> 32
 699         int valueTypeBitCount = readValueType.getBits();
 700         int dataElementBits;
 701         switch (readRequest.getFunctionCode()) {
 702             case READ_INPUT_REGISTERS:
 703             case READ_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS:
 704                 dataElementBits = 16;
 705                 break;
 706             case READ_COILS:
 707             case READ_INPUT_DISCRETES:
 708                 dataElementBits = 1;
 709                 break;
 710             default:
 711                 throw new IllegalStateException(readRequest.getFunctionCode().toString());
 712         }
 713
 714         boolean bitQuery = dataElementBits == 1;
 715         if (bitQuery && readSubIndex.isPresent()) {
 716             String errmsg = String.format("readStart=X.Y is not allowed to be used with coils or discrete inputs!");
 717             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 718         }
 719
 720         if (valueTypeBitCount >= 16 && readSubIndex.isPresent()) {
 721             String errmsg = String
 722                     .format("readStart=X.Y is not allowed to be used with value types larger than 16bit!");
 723             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 724         } else if (!bitQuery && valueTypeBitCount < 16 && !readSubIndex.isPresent()) {
 725             String errmsg = String.format("readStart=X.Y must be used with value types less than 16bit!");
 726             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 727         } else if (readSubIndex.isPresent() && (readSubIndex.get() + 1) * valueTypeBitCount > 16) {
 728             // the sub index Y (in X.Y) is above the register limits
 729             String errmsg = String.format("readStart=X.Y, the value Y is too large");
 730             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 731         }
 732
 733         // Determine bit positions polled, both start and end inclusive
 734         int pollStartBitIndex = readRequest.getReference() * dataElementBits;
 735         int pollEndBitIndex = pollStartBitIndex + readRequest.getDataLength() * dataElementBits - 1;
 736
 737         // Determine bit positions read, both start and end inclusive
 738         int readStartBitIndex = readIndex.get() * dataElementBits + readSubIndex.orElse(0) * valueTypeBitCount;
 739         int readEndBitIndex = readStartBitIndex + valueTypeBitCount - 1;
 740
 741         if (readStartBitIndex < pollStartBitIndex || readEndBitIndex > pollEndBitIndex) {
 742             String errmsg = String.format(
 743                     "Out-of-bounds: Poller is reading from index %d to %d (inclusive) but this thing configured to read '%s' starting from element %d. Exceeds polled data bounds.",
 744                     pollStartBitIndex / dataElementBits, pollEndBitIndex / dataElementBits, readValueType,
 745                     readIndex.get());
 746             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 747         }
 748     }
 749
 750     private void validateWriteIndex() throws ModbusConfigurationException {
 751         @Nullable
 752         ModbusReadRequestBlueprint readRequest = this.readRequest;
 753         if (!writeStart.isPresent() || !writeSubIndex.isPresent()) {
 754             //
 755             // this validation is really about writeStart=X.Y validation
 756             //
 757             return;
 758         } else if (readRequest == null) {
 759             // should not happen, already validated
 760             throw new ModbusConfigurationException("Must poll data with writeStart=X.Y");
 761         }
 762
 763         if (writeSubIndex.isPresent() && (writeSubIndex.get() + 1) > 16) {
 764             // the sub index Y (in X.Y) is above the register limits
 765             String errmsg = String.format("readStart=X.Y, the value Y is too large");
 766             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 767         }
 768
 769         // Determine bit positions polled, both start and end inclusive
 770         int pollStartBitIndex = readRequest.getReference() * 16;
 771         int pollEndBitIndex = pollStartBitIndex + readRequest.getDataLength() * 16 - 1;
 772
 773         // Determine bit positions read, both start and end inclusive
 774         int writeStartBitIndex = writeStart.get() * 16 + readSubIndex.orElse(0);
 775         int writeEndBitIndex = writeStartBitIndex - 1;
 776
 777         if (writeStartBitIndex < pollStartBitIndex || writeEndBitIndex > pollEndBitIndex) {
 778             String errmsg = String.format(
 779                     "Out-of-bounds: Poller is reading from index %d to %d (inclusive) but this thing configured to write  starting from element %d. Must write within polled limits",
 780                     pollStartBitIndex / 16, pollEndBitIndex / 16, writeStart.get());
 781             throw new ModbusConfigurationException(errmsg);
 782         }
 783     }
 784
 785     private boolean containsOnOff(List<Class<? extends State>> channelAcceptedDataTypes) {
 786         return channelAcceptedDataTypes.stream().anyMatch(clz -> {
 787             return clz.equals(OnOffType.class);
 788         });
 789     }
 790
 791     private boolean containsOpenClosed(List<Class<? extends State>> acceptedDataTypes) {
 792         return acceptedDataTypes.stream().anyMatch(clz -> {
 793             return clz.equals(OpenClosedType.class);
 794         });
 795     }
 796
 797     public synchronized void onReadResult(AsyncModbusReadResult result) {
 798         result.getRegisters().ifPresent(registers -> onRegisters(result.getRequest(), registers));
 799         result.getBits().ifPresent(bits -> onBits(result.getRequest(), bits));
 800     }
 801
 802     public synchronized void handleReadError(AsyncModbusFailure<ModbusReadRequestBlueprint> failure) {
 803         onError(failure.getRequest(), failure.getCause());
 804     }
 805
 806     public synchronized void handleWriteError(AsyncModbusFailure<ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint> failure) {
 807         onError(failure.getRequest(), failure.getCause());
 808     }
 809
 810     private synchronized void onRegisters(ModbusReadRequestBlueprint request, ModbusRegisterArray registers) {
 811         if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 812             return;
 813         } else if (!isReadEnabled) {
 814             return;
 815         }
 816         ValueType readValueType = this.readValueType;
 817         if (readValueType == null) {
 818             return;
 819         }
 820         State numericState;
 821
 822         // extractIndex:
 823         // e.g. with bit, extractIndex=4 means 5th bit (from right) ("10.4" -> 5th bit of register 10, "10.4" -> 5th bit
 824         // of register 10)
 825         // bit of second register)
 826         // e.g. with 8bit integer, extractIndex=3 means high byte of second register
 827         //
 828         // with <16 bit types, this is the index of the N'th 1-bit/8-bit item. Each register has 16/2 items,
 829         // respectively.
 830         // with >=16 bit types, this is index of first register
 831         int extractIndex;
 832         if (readValueType.getBits() >= 16) {
 833             // Invariant, checked in initialize
 834             assert readSubIndex.orElse(0) == 0;
 835             extractIndex = readIndex.get() - pollStart;
 836         } else {
 837             int subIndex = readSubIndex.orElse(0);
 838             int itemsPerRegister = 16 / readValueType.getBits();
 839             extractIndex = (readIndex.get() - pollStart) * itemsPerRegister + subIndex;
 840         }
 841         numericState = ModbusBitUtilities.extractStateFromRegisters(registers, extractIndex, readValueType)
 842                 .map(state -> (State) state).orElse(UnDefType.UNDEF);
 843         boolean boolValue = !numericState.equals(DecimalType.ZERO);
 844         Map<ChannelUID, State> values = processUpdatedValue(numericState, boolValue);
 845         logger.debug(
 846                 "Thing {} channels updated: {}. readValueType={}, readIndex={}, readSubIndex(or 0)={}, extractIndex={} -> numeric value {} and boolValue={}. Registers {} for request {}",
 847                 thing.getUID(), values, readValueType, readIndex, readSubIndex.orElse(0), extractIndex, numericState,
 848                 boolValue, registers, request);
 849     }
 850
 851     private synchronized void onBits(ModbusReadRequestBlueprint request, BitArray bits) {
 852         if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 853             return;
 854         } else if (!isReadEnabled) {
 855             return;
 856         }
 857         boolean boolValue = bits.getBit(readIndex.get() - pollStart);
 858         DecimalType numericState = boolValue ? new DecimalType(BigDecimal.ONE) : DecimalType.ZERO;
 859         Map<ChannelUID, State> values = processUpdatedValue(numericState, boolValue);
 860         logger.debug(
 861                 "Thing {} channels updated: {}. readValueType={}, readIndex={} -> numeric value {} and boolValue={}. Bits {} for request {}",
 862                 thing.getUID(), values, readValueType, readIndex, numericState, boolValue, bits, request);
 863     }
 864
 865     private synchronized void onError(ModbusReadRequestBlueprint request, Exception error) {
 866         if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 867             return;
 868         } else if (!isReadEnabled) {
 869             return;
 870         }
 871         if (error instanceof ModbusConnectionException) {
 872             logger.trace("Thing {} '{}' had {} error on read: {}", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 873                     error.getClass().getSimpleName(), error.toString());
 874         } else if (error instanceof ModbusTransportException) {
 875             logger.trace("Thing {} '{}' had {} error on read: {}", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 876                     error.getClass().getSimpleName(), error.toString());
 877         } else {
 878             logger.error(
 879                     "Thing {} '{}' had {} error on read: {} (message: {}). Stack trace follows since this is unexpected error.",
 880                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), error.getClass().getName(), error.toString(),
 881                     error.getMessage(), error);
 882         }
 883         Map<ChannelUID, State> states = new HashMap<>();
 884         ChannelUID lastReadErrorUID = getChannelUID(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_LAST_READ_ERROR);
 885         if (isLinked(lastReadErrorUID)) {
 886             states.put(lastReadErrorUID, new DateTimeType());
 887         }
 888
 889         synchronized (this) {
 890             // Update channels
 891             states.forEach((uid, state) -> {
 892                 tryUpdateState(uid, state);
 893             });
 894
 895             updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.COMMUNICATION_ERROR,
 896                     String.format("Error (%s) with read. Request: %s. Description: %s. Message: %s",
 897                             error.getClass().getSimpleName(), request, error.toString(), error.getMessage()));
 898         }
 899     }
 900
 901     private synchronized void onError(ModbusWriteRequestBlueprint request, Exception error) {
 902         if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 903             return;
 904         } else if (!isWriteEnabled) {
 905             return;
 906         }
 907         if (error instanceof ModbusConnectionException) {
 908             logger.debug("Thing {} '{}' had {} error on write: {}", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 909                     error.getClass().getSimpleName(), error.toString());
 910         } else if (error instanceof ModbusTransportException) {
 911             logger.debug("Thing {} '{}' had {} error on write: {}", getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(),
 912                     error.getClass().getSimpleName(), error.toString());
 913         } else {
 914             logger.error(
 915                     "Thing {} '{}' had {} error on write: {} (message: {}). Stack trace follows since this is unexpected error.",
 916                     getThing().getUID(), getThing().getLabel(), error.getClass().getName(), error.toString(),
 917                     error.getMessage(), error);
 918         }
 919         Map<ChannelUID, State> states = new HashMap<>();
 920         ChannelUID lastWriteErrorUID = getChannelUID(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_LAST_WRITE_ERROR);
 921         if (isLinked(lastWriteErrorUID)) {
 922             states.put(lastWriteErrorUID, new DateTimeType());
 923         }
 924
 925         synchronized (this) {
 926             // Update channels
 927             states.forEach((uid, state) -> {
 928                 tryUpdateState(uid, state);
 929             });
 930
 931             updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.OFFLINE, ThingStatusDetail.COMMUNICATION_ERROR,
 932                     String.format("Error (%s) with write. Request: %s. Description: %s. Message: %s",
 933                             error.getClass().getSimpleName(), request, error.toString(), error.getMessage()));
 934         }
 935     }
 936
 937     public synchronized void onWriteResponse(AsyncModbusWriteResult result) {
 938         if (hasConfigurationError()) {
 939             return;
 940         } else if (!isWriteEnabled) {
 941             return;
 942         }
 943         logger.debug("Successful write, matching request {}", result.getRequest());
 944         updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.ONLINE);
 945         ChannelUID lastWriteSuccessUID = getChannelUID(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_LAST_WRITE_SUCCESS);
 946         if (isLinked(lastWriteSuccessUID)) {
 947             updateState(lastWriteSuccessUID, new DateTimeType());
 948         }
 949     }
 950
 951     /**
 952      * Update linked channels
 953      *
 954      * @param numericState numeric state corresponding to polled data (or UNDEF with floating point NaN or infinity)
 955      * @param boolValue boolean value corresponding to polled data
 956      * @return updated channel data
 957      */
 958     private Map<ChannelUID, State> processUpdatedValue(State numericState, boolean boolValue) {
 959         ValueTransformation localReadTransformation = readTransformation;
 960         if (localReadTransformation == null) {
 961             // We should always have transformation available if thing is initalized properly
 962             logger.trace("No transformation available, aborting processUpdatedValue");
 963             return Collections.emptyMap();
 964         }
 965         Map<ChannelUID, State> states = new HashMap<>();
 966         CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.keySet().stream().forEach(channelId -> {
 967             ChannelUID channelUID = getChannelUID(channelId);
 968             if (!isLinked(channelUID)) {
 969                 return;
 970             }
 971             List<Class<? extends State>> acceptedDataTypes = CHANNEL_ID_TO_ACCEPTED_TYPES.get(channelId);
 972             if (acceptedDataTypes.isEmpty()) {
 973                 return;
 974             }
 975
 976             State boolLikeState;
 977             if (containsOnOff(acceptedDataTypes)) {
 978                 boolLikeState = boolValue ? OnOffType.ON : OnOffType.OFF;
 979             } else if (containsOpenClosed(acceptedDataTypes)) {
 980                 boolLikeState = boolValue ? OpenClosedType.OPEN : OpenClosedType.CLOSED;
 981             } else {
 982                 boolLikeState = null;
 983             }
 984
 985             State transformedState;
 986             if (localReadTransformation.isIdentityTransform()) {
 987                 if (boolLikeState != null) {
 988                     // A bit of smartness for ON/OFF and OPEN/CLOSED with boolean like items
 989                     transformedState = boolLikeState;
 990                 } else {
 991                     // Numeric states always go through transformation. This allows value of 17.5 to be
 992                     // converted to
 993                     // 17.5% with percent types (instead of raising error)
 994                     transformedState = localReadTransformation.transformState(bundleContext, acceptedDataTypes,
 995                             numericState);
 996                 }
 997             } else {
 998                 transformedState = localReadTransformation.transformState(bundleContext, acceptedDataTypes,
 999                         numericState);
1000             }
1001
1002             if (transformedState != null) {
1003                 logger.trace(
1004                         "Channel {} will be updated to '{}' (type {}). Input data: number value {} (value type '{}' taken into account) and bool value {}. Transformation: {}",
1005                         channelId, transformedState, transformedState.getClass().getSimpleName(), numericState,
1006                         readValueType, boolValue,
1007                         localReadTransformation.isIdentityTransform() ? "<identity>" : localReadTransformation);
1008                 states.put(channelUID, transformedState);
1009             } else {
1010                 String types = String.join(", ",
1011                         acceptedDataTypes.stream().map(cls -> cls.getSimpleName()).toArray(String[]::new));
1012                 logger.warn(
1013                         "Channel {} will not be updated since transformation was unsuccessful. Channel is expecting the following data types [{}]. Input data: number value {} (value type '{}' taken into account) and bool value {}. Transformation: {}",
1014                         channelId, types, numericState, readValueType, boolValue,
1015                         localReadTransformation.isIdentityTransform() ? "<identity>" : localReadTransformation);
1016             }
1017         });
1018
1019         ChannelUID lastReadSuccessUID = getChannelUID(ModbusBindingConstantsInternal.CHANNEL_LAST_READ_SUCCESS);
1020         if (isLinked(lastReadSuccessUID)) {
1021             states.put(lastReadSuccessUID, new DateTimeType());
1022         }
1023         updateExpiredChannels(states);
1024         return states;
1025     }
1026
1027     private void updateExpiredChannels(Map<ChannelUID, State> states) {
1028         synchronized (this) {
1029             updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus.ONLINE);
1030             long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
1031             // Update channels that have not been updated in a while, or when their values has changed
1032             states.forEach((uid, state) -> updateExpiredChannel(now, uid, state));
1033             channelLastState = states;
1034         }
1035     }
1036
1037     // since lastState can be null, and "lastState == null" in conditional is not useless
1038     @SuppressWarnings("null")
1039     private void updateExpiredChannel(long now, ChannelUID uid, State state) {
1040         @Nullable
1041         State lastState = channelLastState.get(uid);
1042         long lastUpdatedMillis = channelLastUpdated.getOrDefault(uid, 0L);
1043         long millisSinceLastUpdate = now - lastUpdatedMillis;
1044         if (lastUpdatedMillis <= 0L || lastState == null || updateUnchangedValuesEveryMillis <= 0L
1045                 || millisSinceLastUpdate > updateUnchangedValuesEveryMillis || !lastState.equals(state)) {
1046             tryUpdateState(uid, state);
1047             channelLastUpdated.put(uid, now);
1048         }
1049     }
1050
1051     private void tryUpdateState(ChannelUID uid, State state) {
1052         try {
1053             updateState(uid, state);
1054         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1055             logger.warn("Error updating state '{}' (type {}) to channel {}: {} {}", state,
1056                     Optional.ofNullable(state).map(s -> s.getClass().getName()).orElse("null"), uid,
1057                     e.getClass().getName(), e.getMessage());
1058         }
1059     }
1060
1061     private ChannelUID getChannelUID(String channelID) {
1062         return Objects
1063                 .requireNonNull(channelCache.computeIfAbsent(channelID, id -> new ChannelUID(getThing().getUID(), id)));
1064     }
1065
1066     private void updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus status) {
1067         updateStatusIfChanged(status, ThingStatusDetail.NONE, null);
1068     }
1069
1070     private void updateStatusIfChanged(ThingStatus status, ThingStatusDetail statusDetail,
1071             @Nullable String description) {
1072         ThingStatusInfo newStatusInfo = new ThingStatusInfo(status, statusDetail, description);
1073         Duration durationSinceLastUpdate = Duration.between(lastStatusInfoUpdate, LocalDateTime.now());
1074         boolean intervalElapsed = MIN_STATUS_INFO_UPDATE_INTERVAL.minus(durationSinceLastUpdate).isNegative();
1075         if (statusInfo.getStatus() == ThingStatus.UNKNOWN || !statusInfo.equals(newStatusInfo) || intervalElapsed) {
1076             statusInfo = newStatusInfo;
1077             lastStatusInfoUpdate = LocalDateTime.now();
1078             updateStatus(newStatusInfo);
1079         }
1080     }
1081
1082     /**
1083      * Update status using pre-constructed ThingStatusInfo
1084      *
1085      * Implementation adapted from BaseThingHandler updateStatus implementations
1086      *
1087      * @param statusInfo new status info
1088      */
1089     protected void updateStatus(ThingStatusInfo statusInfo) {
1090         synchronized (this) {
1091             ThingHandlerCallback callback = getCallback();
1092             if (callback != null) {
1093                 callback.statusUpdated(this.thing, statusInfo);
1094             } else {
1095                 logger.warn("Handler {} tried updating the thing status although the handler was already disposed.",
1096                         this.getClass().getSimpleName());
1097             }
1098         }
1099     }
1100 }