2 * Copyright (c) 2010-2023 Contributors to the openHAB project
4 * See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
7 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
8 * terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at
9 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0
11 * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
13 package org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.calc;
15 import java.math.BigDecimal;
16 import java.math.RoundingMode;
17 import java.util.Calendar;
19 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.Eclipse;
20 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.EclipseKind;
21 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.EclipseType;
22 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.Moon;
23 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.MoonDistance;
24 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.MoonPhase;
25 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.MoonPhaseName;
26 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.Position;
27 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.Range;
28 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.Zodiac;
29 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.model.ZodiacSign;
30 import org.openhab.binding.astro.internal.util.DateTimeUtils;
33 * Calculates the phase, eclipse, rise, set, distance, illumination and age of
36 * @author Gerhard Riegler - Initial contribution
37 * @author Christoph Weitkamp - Introduced UoM
38 * @see based on the calculations of
39 * http://www.computus.de/mondphase/mondphase.htm azimuth/elevation and
40 * zodiac based on http://lexikon.astronomie.info/java/sunmoon/
42 public class MoonCalc {
43 private static final double NEW_MOON = 0;
44 private static final double FULL_MOON = 0.5;
45 private static final double FIRST_QUARTER = 0.25;
46 private static final double LAST_QUARTER = 0.75;
49 * Calculates all moon data at the specified coordinates
51 public Moon getMoonInfo(Calendar calendar, double latitude, double longitude) {
52 Moon moon = new Moon();
54 double julianDate = DateTimeUtils.dateToJulianDate(calendar);
55 double julianDateMidnight = DateTimeUtils.midnightDateToJulianDate(calendar);
57 double[] riseSet = getRiseSet(calendar, latitude, longitude);
58 Calendar rise = DateTimeUtils.timeToCalendar(calendar, riseSet[0]);
59 Calendar set = DateTimeUtils.timeToCalendar(calendar, riseSet[1]);
61 if (rise == null || set == null) {
62 Calendar tomorrow = (Calendar) calendar.clone();
63 tomorrow.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);
65 double[] riseSeTomorrow = getRiseSet(tomorrow, latitude, longitude);
67 rise = DateTimeUtils.timeToCalendar(tomorrow, riseSeTomorrow[0]);
70 set = DateTimeUtils.timeToCalendar(tomorrow, riseSeTomorrow[1]);
74 moon.setRise(new Range(rise, rise));
75 moon.setSet(new Range(set, set));
77 MoonPhase phase = moon.getPhase();
78 phase.setNew(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(getNextPhase(calendar, julianDateMidnight, NEW_MOON)));
79 phase.setFirstQuarter(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(getNextPhase(calendar, julianDateMidnight, FIRST_QUARTER)));
80 phase.setFull(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(getNextPhase(calendar, julianDateMidnight, FULL_MOON)));
81 phase.setThirdQuarter(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(getNextPhase(calendar, julianDateMidnight, LAST_QUARTER)));
83 Eclipse eclipse = moon.getEclipse();
84 eclipse.getKinds().forEach(eclipseKind -> {
85 double jdate = getEclipse(calendar, EclipseType.MOON, julianDateMidnight, eclipseKind);
86 eclipse.set(eclipseKind, DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(jdate), new Position());
89 double decimalYear = DateTimeUtils.getDecimalYear(calendar);
90 MoonDistance apogee = moon.getApogee();
91 double apogeeJd = getApogee(julianDate, decimalYear);
92 apogee.setDate(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(apogeeJd));
93 apogee.setDistance(getDistance(apogeeJd));
95 MoonDistance perigee = moon.getPerigee();
96 double perigeeJd = getPerigee(julianDate, decimalYear);
97 perigee.setDate(DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(perigeeJd));
98 perigee.setDistance(getDistance(perigeeJd));
104 * Calculates the moon illumination and distance.
106 public void setPositionalInfo(Calendar calendar, double latitude, double longitude, Moon moon) {
107 double julianDate = DateTimeUtils.dateToJulianDate(calendar);
108 setMoonPhase(calendar, moon);
109 setAzimuthElevationZodiac(julianDate, latitude, longitude, moon);
111 MoonDistance distance = moon.getDistance();
112 distance.setDate(Calendar.getInstance());
113 distance.setDistance(getDistance(julianDate));
117 * Calculates the age and the current phase.
119 private void setMoonPhase(Calendar calendar, Moon moon) {
120 MoonPhase phase = moon.getPhase();
121 double julianDateEndOfDay = DateTimeUtils.endOfDayDateToJulianDate(calendar);
122 double parentNewMoon = getPreviousPhase(calendar, julianDateEndOfDay, NEW_MOON);
123 double age = Math.abs(parentNewMoon - julianDateEndOfDay);
126 long parentNewMoonMillis = DateTimeUtils.toCalendar(parentNewMoon).getTimeInMillis();
127 long ageRangeTimeMillis = phase.getNew().getTimeInMillis() - parentNewMoonMillis;
128 long ageCurrentMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - parentNewMoonMillis;
129 double agePercent = ageRangeTimeMillis != 0 ? ageCurrentMillis * 100.0 / ageRangeTimeMillis : 0;
130 phase.setAgePercent(agePercent);
131 phase.setAgeDegree(3.6 * agePercent);
132 double illumination = getIllumination(DateTimeUtils.dateToJulianDate(calendar));
133 phase.setIllumination(illumination);
134 boolean isWaxing = age < (29.530588853 / 2);
135 if (DateTimeUtils.isSameDay(calendar, phase.getNew())) {
136 phase.setName(MoonPhaseName.NEW);
137 } else if (DateTimeUtils.isSameDay(calendar, phase.getFirstQuarter())) {
138 phase.setName(MoonPhaseName.FIRST_QUARTER);
139 } else if (DateTimeUtils.isSameDay(calendar, phase.getThirdQuarter())) {
140 phase.setName(MoonPhaseName.THIRD_QUARTER);
141 } else if (DateTimeUtils.isSameDay(calendar, phase.getFull())) {
142 phase.setName(MoonPhaseName.FULL);
143 } else if (illumination >= 0 && illumination < 50) {
144 phase.setName(isWaxing ? MoonPhaseName.WAXING_CRESCENT : MoonPhaseName.WANING_CRESCENT);
145 } else if (illumination >= 50 && illumination < 100) {
146 phase.setName(isWaxing ? MoonPhaseName.WAXING_GIBBOUS : MoonPhaseName.WANING_GIBBOUS);
151 * Calculates moonrise and moonset.
153 private double[] getRiseSet(Calendar calendar, double latitude, double longitude) {
154 double lambda = prepareCoordinate(longitude, 180);
158 double phi = prepareCoordinate(latitude, 90);
163 double moonJd = Math.floor(DateTimeUtils.midnightDateToJulianDate(calendar)) - 2400000.0;
164 moonJd -= ((calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) + calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / 60000.0) / 1440.0;
166 double sphi = SN(phi);
167 double cphi = CS(phi);
168 double sinho = SN(8.0 / 60.0);
174 double yminus = SINALT(moonJd, hour - 1, lambda, cphi, sphi) - sinho;
175 double yo = SINALT(moonJd, hour, lambda, cphi, sphi) - sinho;
176 double yplus = SINALT(moonJd, hour + 1, lambda, cphi, sphi) - sinho;
177 double[] quadRet = QUAD(yminus, yo, yplus);
178 if (quadRet[3] == 1) {
180 utrise = hour + quadRet[1];
182 utset = hour + quadRet[1];
185 if (quadRet[3] == 2) {
186 if (quadRet[0] < 0) {
187 utrise = hour + quadRet[2];
188 utset = hour + quadRet[1];
190 utrise = hour + quadRet[1];
191 utset = hour + quadRet[2];
196 } while (hour < 25 && (utrise == -1 || utset == -1));
198 double rise = prepareTime(utrise);
199 double set = prepareTime(utset);
201 return new double[] { rise, set };
205 * Prepares the coordinate for moonrise and moonset calculation.
207 private double prepareCoordinate(double coordinate, double system) {
208 double c = Math.abs(coordinate);
210 if (c - Math.floor(c) >= .599) {
211 c = Math.floor(c) + (c - Math.floor(c)) / 1 * .6;
214 c = Math.floor(c) % system + (c - Math.floor(c));
216 return Math.round(c * 100.0) / 100.0;
220 * Prepares a time value for converting to a calendar object.
222 private double prepareTime(double riseSet) {
226 double riseMinute = (riseSet - Math.floor(riseSet)) * 60.0 / 100.0;
228 if (riseMinute >= .595) {
230 rounded = riseSet + 1;
234 rounded = Math.floor(rounded) + riseMinute;
236 BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(rounded));
237 bd = bd.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
238 return bd.doubleValue();
242 * Calculates the moon phase.
244 private double calcMoonPhase(double k, double mode) {
245 double kMod = Math.floor(k) + mode;
246 double t = kMod / 1236.85;
248 double m = var_m(kMod, t);
249 double m1 = var_m1(kMod, t);
250 double f = var_f(kMod, t);
251 double o = var_o(kMod, t);
252 double jd = var_jde(kMod, t);
253 if (mode == NEW_MOON) {
254 jd += -.4072 * SN(m1) + .17241 * e * SN(m) + .01608 * SN(2 * m1) + .01039 * SN(2 * f)
255 + .00739 * e * SN(m1 - m) - .00514 * e * SN(m1 + m) + .00208 * e * e * SN(2 * m)
256 - .00111 * SN(m1 - 2 * f) - .00057 * SN(m1 + 2 * f);
257 jd += .00056 * e * SN(2 * m1 + m) - .00042 * SN(3 * m1) + .00042 * e * SN(m + 2 * f)
258 + .00038 * e * SN(m - 2 * f) - .00024 * e * SN(2 * m1 - m) - .00017 * SN(o)
259 - .00007 * SN(m1 + 2 * m) + .00004 * SN(2 * m1 - 2 * f);
260 jd += .00004 * SN(3 * m) + .00003 * SN(m1 + m - 2 * f) + .00003 * SN(2 * m1 + 2 * f)
261 - .00003 * SN(m1 + m + 2 * f) + .00003 * SN(m1 - m + 2 * f) - .00002 * SN(m1 - m - 2 * f)
262 - .00002 * SN(3 * m1 + m);
263 jd += .00002 * SN(4 * m1);
264 } else if (mode == FULL_MOON) {
265 jd += -.40614 * SN(m1) + .17302 * e * SN(m) + .01614 * SN(2 * m1) + .01043 * SN(2 * f)
266 + .00734 * e * SN(m1 - m) - .00515 * e * SN(m1 + m) + .00209 * e * e * SN(2 * m)
267 - .00111 * SN(m1 - 2 * f) - .00057 * SN(m1 + 2 * f);
268 jd += .00056 * e * SN(2 * m1 + m) - .00042 * SN(3 * m1) + .00042 * e * SN(m + 2 * f)
269 + .00038 * e * SN(m - 2 * f) - .00024 * e * SN(2 * m1 - m) - .00017 * SN(o)
270 - .00007 * SN(m1 + 2 * m) + .00004 * SN(2 * m1 - 2 * f);
271 jd += .00004 * SN(3 * m) + .00003 * SN(m1 + m - 2 * f) + .00003 * SN(2 * m1 + 2 * f)
272 - .00003 * SN(m1 + m + 2 * f) + .00003 * SN(m1 - m + 2 * f) - .00002 * SN(m1 - m - 2 * f)
273 - .00002 * SN(3 * m1 + m);
274 jd += .00002 * SN(4 * m1);
276 jd += -.62801 * SN(m1) + .17172 * e * SN(m) - .01183 * e * SN(m1 + m) + .00862 * SN(2 * m1)
277 + .00804 * SN(2 * f) + .00454 * e * SN(m1 - m) + .00204 * e * e * SN(2 * m) - .0018 * SN(m1 - 2 * f)
278 - .0007 * SN(m1 + 2 * f);
279 jd += -.0004 * SN(3 * m1) - .00034 * e * SN(2 * m1 - m) + .00032 * e * SN(m + 2 * f)
280 + .00032 * e * SN(m - 2 * f) - .00028 * e * e * SN(m1 + 2 * m) + .00027 * e * SN(2 * m1 + m)
282 jd += -.00005 * SN(m1 - m - 2 * f) + .00004 * SN(2 * m1 + 2 * f) - .00004 * SN(m1 + m + 2 * f)
283 + .00004 * SN(m1 - 2 * m) + .00003 * SN(m1 + m - 2 * f) + .00003 * SN(3 * m)
284 + .00002 * SN(2 * m1 - 2 * f);
285 jd += .00002 * SN(m1 - m + 2 * f) - .00002 * SN(3 * m1 + m);
286 double w = .00306 - .00038 * e * CS(m) + .00026 * CS(m1) - .00002 * CS(m1 - m) + .00002 * CS(m1 + m)
287 + .00002 * CS(2 * f);
288 jd += (mode == FIRST_QUARTER) ? w : -w;
290 return moonCorrection(jd, t, kMod);
294 * Calculates the eclipse.
296 private double getEclipse(double k, EclipseType typ, EclipseKind eclipse) {
297 double kMod = Math.floor(k) + ((typ == EclipseType.SUN) ? 0 : 0.5);
298 double t = kMod / 1236.85;
299 double f = var_f(kMod, t);
302 if (SN(Math.abs(f)) <= .36) {
303 double o = var_o(kMod, t);
304 double f1 = f - .02665 * SN(o);
305 double a1 = 299.77 + .107408 * kMod - .009173 * t * t;
307 double m = var_m(kMod, t);
308 double m1 = var_m1(kMod, t);
309 double p = .207 * e * SN(m) + .0024 * e * SN(2 * m) - .0392 * SN(m1) + .0116 * SN(2 * m1)
310 - .0073 * e * SN(m1 + m) + .0067 * e * SN(m1 - m) + .0118 * SN(2 * f1);
311 double q = 5.2207 - .0048 * e * CS(m) + .002 * e * CS(2 * m) - .3299 * CS(m1) - .006 * e * CS(m1 + m)
312 + .0041 * e * CS(m1 - m);
313 double g = (p * CS(f1) + q * SN(f1)) * (1 - .0048 * CS(Math.abs(f1)));
314 double u = .0059 + .0046 * e * CS(m) - .0182 * CS(m1) + .0004 * CS(2 * m1) - .0005 * CS(m + m1);
315 jd = var_jde(kMod, t);
316 jd += (typ == EclipseType.MOON) ? -.4065 * SN(m1) + .1727 * e * SN(m) : -.4075 * SN(m1) + .1721 * e * SN(m);
318 jd += .0161 * SN(2 * m1) - .0097 * SN(2 * f1) + .0073 * e * SN(m1 - m) - .005 * e * SN(m1 + m)
319 - .0023 * SN(m1 - 2 * f1) + .0021 * e * SN(2 * m);
320 jd += .0012 * SN(m1 + 2 * f1) + .0006 * e * SN(2 * m1 + m) - .0004 * SN(3 * m1) - .0003 * e * SN(m + 2 * f1)
321 + .0003 * SN(a1) - .0002 * e * SN(m - 2 * f1) - .0002 * e * SN(2 * m1 - m) - .0002 * SN(o);
324 if ((1.0248 - u - Math.abs(g)) / .545 <= 0) {
325 jd = 0; // no moon eclipse
327 if (eclipse == EclipseKind.PARTIAL && (1.0128 - u - Math.abs(g)) / .545 > 0
328 && (.4678 - u) * (.4678 - u) - g * g > 0) {
329 jd = 0; // no partial moon eclipse
331 if (eclipse == EclipseKind.TOTAL
332 && ((1.0128 - u - Math.abs(g)) / .545 <= 0 != (.4678 - u) * (.4678 - u) - g * g <= 0)) {
333 jd = 0; // no total moon eclipse
337 if (Math.abs(g) > 1.5433 + u) {
338 jd = 0; // no sun eclipse
340 if (eclipse == EclipseKind.PARTIAL && ((g >= -.9972 && g <= .9972)
341 || (Math.abs(g) >= .9972 && Math.abs(g) < .9972 + Math.abs(u)))) {
342 jd = 0; // no partial sun eclipse
344 if (eclipse != EclipseKind.PARTIAL) {
345 if ((g < -.9972 || g > .9972) || (Math.abs(g) < .9972 && Math.abs(g) > .9972 + Math.abs(u))) {
346 jd = 0; // no ring or total sun eclipse
348 if (u > .0047 || u >= .00464 * Math.sqrt(1 - g * g)) {
349 ringTest = 1; // no total sun eclipse
351 if (ringTest == 1 && eclipse == EclipseKind.TOTAL) {
354 if (ringTest == 0 && eclipse == EclipseKind.RING) {
365 * Calculates the illumination.
367 private double getIllumination(double jd) {
368 double t = (jd - 2451545) / 36525;
369 double d = 297.8502042 + 445267.11151686 * t - .00163 * t * t + t * t * t / 545868 - t * t * t * t / 113065000;
370 double m = 357.5291092 + 35999.0502909 * t - .0001536 * t * t + t * t * t / 24490000;
371 double m1 = 134.9634114 + 477198.8676313 * t + .008997 * t * t + t * t * t / 69699 - t * t * t * t / 14712000;
372 double i = 180 - d - 6.289 * SN(m1) + 2.1 * SN(m) - 1.274 * SN(2 * d - m1) - .658 * SN(2 * d)
373 - .241 * SN(2 * m1) - .110 * SN(d);
374 return (1 + CS(i)) / 2 * 100.0;
378 * Calculates the next moon phase.
380 private double getNextPhase(Calendar cal, double midnightJd, double mode) {
384 double k = var_k(cal, tz);
386 phaseJd = calcMoonPhase(k, mode);
387 } while (phaseJd <= midnightJd);
392 * Calculates the previous moon phase.
394 private double getPreviousPhase(Calendar cal, double jd, double mode) {
398 double k = var_k(cal, tz);
400 phaseJd = calcMoonPhase(k, mode);
401 } while (phaseJd > jd);
406 * Calculates the next eclipse.
408 protected double getEclipse(Calendar cal, EclipseType type, double midnightJd, EclipseKind eclipse) {
410 double eclipseJd = 0;
412 double k = var_k(cal, tz);
414 eclipseJd = getEclipse(k, type, eclipse);
415 } while (eclipseJd <= midnightJd);
420 * Calculates the date, where the moon is furthest away from the earth.
422 private double getApogee(double julianDate, double decimalYear) {
423 double k = Math.floor((decimalYear - 1999.97) * 13.2555) + .5;
426 double t = k / 1325.55;
427 double d = 171.9179 + 335.9106046 * k - .010025 * t * t - .00001156 * t * t * t
428 + .000000055 * t * t * t * t;
429 double m = 347.3477 + 27.1577721 * k - .0008323 * t * t - .000001 * t * t * t;
430 double f = 316.6109 + 364.5287911 * k - .0125131 * t * t - .0000148 * t * t * t;
431 jd = 2451534.6698 + 27.55454988 * k - .0006886 * t * t - .000001098 * t * t * t + .0000000052 * t * t
432 + .4392 * SN(2 * d) + .0684 * SN(4 * d) + (.0456 - .00011 * t) * SN(m)
433 + (.0426 - .00011 * t) * SN(2 * d - m) + .0212 * SN(2 * f);
434 jd += -.0189 * SN(d) + .0144 * SN(6 * d) + .0113 * SN(4 * d - m) + .0047 * SN(2 * d + 2 * f)
435 + .0036 * SN(d + m) + .0035 * SN(8 * d) + .0034 * SN(6 * d - m) - .0034 * SN(2 * d - 2 * f)
436 + .0022 * SN(2 * d - 2 * m) - .0017 * SN(3 * d);
437 jd += .0013 * SN(4 * d + 2 * f) + .0011 * SN(8 * d - m) + .001 * SN(4 * d - 2 * m) + .0009 * SN(10 * d)
438 + .0007 * SN(3 * d + m) + .0006 * SN(2 * m) + .0005 * SN(2 * d + m) + .0005 * SN(2 * d + 2 * m)
439 + .0004 * SN(6 * d + 2 * f);
440 jd += .0004 * SN(6 * d - 2 * m) + .0004 * SN(10 * d - m) - .0004 * SN(5 * d) - .0004 * SN(4 * d - 2 * f)
441 + .0003 * SN(2 * f + m) + .0003 * SN(12 * d) + .0003 * SN(2 * d + 2 * f - m) - .0003 * SN(d - m);
443 } while (jd < julianDate);
448 * Calculates the date, where the moon is closest to the earth.
450 private double getPerigee(double julianDate, double decimalYear) {
451 double k = Math.floor((decimalYear - 1999.97) * 13.2555);
454 double t = k / 1325.55;
455 double d = 171.9179 + 335.9106046 * k - .010025 * t * t - .00001156 * t * t * t
456 + .000000055 * t * t * t * t;
457 double m = 347.3477 + 27.1577721 * k - .0008323 * t * t - .000001 * t * t * t;
458 double f = 316.6109 + 364.5287911 * k - .0125131 * t * t - .0000148 * t * t * t;
459 jd = 2451534.6698 + 27.55454988 * k - .0006886 * t * t - .000001098 * t * t * t + .0000000052 * t * t
460 - 1.6769 * SN(2 * d) + .4589 * SN(4 * d) - .1856 * SN(6 * d) + .0883 * SN(8 * d);
461 jd += -(.0773 + .00019 * t) * SN(2 * d - m) + (.0502 - .00013 * t) * SN(m) - .046 * SN(10 * d)
462 + (.0422 - .00011 * t) * SN(4 * d - m) - .0256 * SN(6 * d - m) + .0253 * SN(12 * d) + .0237 * SN(d);
463 jd += .0162 * SN(8 * d - m) - .0145 * SN(14 * d) + .0129 * SN(2 * f) - .0112 * SN(3 * d)
464 - .0104 * SN(10 * d - m) + .0086 * SN(16 * d) + .0069 * SN(12 * d - m) + .0066 * SN(5 * d)
465 - .0053 * SN(2 * d + 2 * f);
466 jd += -.0052 * SN(18 * d) - .0046 * SN(14 * d - m) - .0041 * SN(7 * d) + .004 * SN(2 * d + m)
467 + .0032 * SN(20 * d) - .0032 * SN(d + m) + .0031 * SN(16 * d - m);
468 jd += -.0029 * SN(4 * d + m) - .0027 * SN(2 * d - 2 * m) + .0024 * SN(4 * d - 2 * m)
469 - .0021 * SN(6 * d - 2 * m) - .0021 * SN(22 * d) - .0021 * SN(18 * d - m);
470 jd += .0019 * SN(6 * d + m) - .0018 * SN(11 * d) - .0014 * SN(8 * d + m) - .0014 * SN(4 * d - 2 * f)
471 - .0014 * SN(6 * d - 2 * f) + .0014 * SN(3 * d + m) - .0014 * SN(5 * d + m) + .0013 * SN(13 * d);
472 jd += .0013 * SN(20 * d - m) + .0011 * SN(3 * d + 2 * m) - .0011 * SN(4 * d + 2 * f - 2 * m)
473 - .001 * SN(d + 2 * m) - .0009 * SN(22 * d - m) - .0008 * SN(4 * f) + .0008 * SN(6 * d - 2 * f)
474 + .0008 * SN(2 * d - 2 * f + m);
475 jd += .0007 * SN(2 * m) + .0007 * SN(2 * f - m) + .0007 * SN(2 * d + 4 * f) - .0006 * SN(2 * f - 2 * m)
476 - .0006 * SN(2 * d - 2 * f + 2 * m) + .0006 * SN(24 * d) + .0005 * SN(4 * d - 4 * f)
477 + .0005 * SN(2 * d + 2 * m) - .0004 * SN(d - m) + .0027 * SN(9 * d) + .0027 * SN(4 * d + 2 * f);
479 } while (jd < julianDate);
484 * Calculates the distance from the moon to earth.
486 private double getDistance(double jd) {
487 double t = (jd - 2451545) / 36525;
488 double d = 297.8502042 + 445267.11151686 * t - .00163 * t * t + t * t * t / 545868 - t * t * t * t / 113065000;
489 double m = 357.5291092 + 35999.0502909 * t - .0001536 * t * t + t * t * t / 24490000;
490 double m1 = 134.9634114 + 477198.8676313 * t + .008997 * t * t + t * t * t / 69699 - t * t * t * t / 14712000;
491 double f = 93.27209929999999 + 483202.0175273 * t - .0034029 * t * t - t * t * t / 3526000
492 + t * t * t * t / 863310000;
493 double sr = 385000.56 + getCoefficient(d, m, m1, f) / 1000;
497 private double[] calcMoon(double t) {
498 double p2 = 6.283185307;
499 double arc = 206264.8062;
500 double coseps = .91748;
501 double sineps = .39778;
502 double lo = FRAK(.606433 + 1336.855225 * t);
503 double l = p2 * FRAK(.374897 + 1325.55241 * t);
504 double ls = p2 * FRAK(.993133 + 99.997361 * t);
505 double d = p2 * FRAK(.827361 + 1236.853086 * t);
506 double f = p2 * FRAK(.259086 + 1342.227825 * t);
507 double dl = 22640 * Math.sin(l) - 4586 * Math.sin(l - 2 * d) + 2370 * Math.sin(2 * d) + 769 * Math.sin(2 * l)
508 - 668 * Math.sin(ls) - 412 * Math.sin(2 * f) - 212 * Math.sin(2 * l - 2 * d)
509 - 206 * Math.sin(l + ls - 2 * d) + 192 * Math.sin(l + 2 * d) - 165 * Math.sin(ls - 2 * d)
510 - 125 * Math.sin(d) - 110 * Math.sin(l + ls) + 148 * Math.sin(l - ls) - 55 * Math.sin(2 * f - 2 * d);
511 double s = f + (dl + 412 * Math.sin(2 * f) + 541 * Math.sin(ls)) / arc;
512 double h = f - 2 * d;
513 double n = -526 * Math.sin(h) + 44 * Math.sin(l + h) - 31 * Math.sin(-l + h) - 23 * Math.sin(ls + h)
514 + 11 * Math.sin(-ls + h) - 25 * Math.sin(-2 * l + f) + 21 * Math.sin(-l + f);
515 double lmoon = p2 * FRAK(lo + dl / 1296000);
516 double bmoon = (18520 * Math.sin(s) + n) / arc;
517 double cb = Math.cos(bmoon);
518 double x = cb * Math.cos(lmoon);
519 double v = cb * Math.sin(lmoon);
520 double w = Math.sin(bmoon);
521 double y = coseps * v - sineps * w;
522 double z = sineps * v + coseps * w;
523 double rho = Math.sqrt(1 - z * z);
524 double dec = (360 / p2) * Math.atan(z / rho);
525 double ra = (48 / p2) * Math.atan(y / (x + rho));
529 return new double[] { dec, ra };
532 private double CS(double x) {
533 return Math.cos(x * SunCalc.DEG2RAD);
536 private double SN(double x) {
537 return Math.sin(x * SunCalc.DEG2RAD);
540 private double SINALT(double moonJd, int hour, double lambda, double cphi, double sphi) {
541 double jdo = moonJd + hour / 24.0;
542 double t = (jdo - 51544.5) / 36525.0;
543 double decra[] = calcMoon(t);
544 double tau = 15.0 * (LMST(jdo, lambda) - decra[1]);
545 return sphi * SN(decra[0]) + cphi * CS(decra[0]) * CS(tau);
548 private double LMST(double moonJd, double lambda) {
549 double moonJdo = Math.floor(moonJd);
550 double ut = (moonJd - moonJdo) * 24.0;
551 double t = (moonJdo - 51544.5) / 36525.0;
552 double gmst = 6.697374558 + 1.0027379093 * ut + (8640184.812866 + (.093104 - .0000062 * t) * t) * t / 3600.0;
553 return 24.0 * FRAK((gmst - lambda / 15.0) / 24.0);
556 private double FRAK(double x) {
557 double ret = x - (int) (x);
564 private double[] QUAD(double yminus, double yo, double yplus) {
566 double a = .5 * (yminus + yplus) - yo;
567 double b = .5 * (yplus - yminus);
569 double xe = -b / (2 * a);
570 double ye = (a * xe + b) * xe + c;
571 double dis = b * b - 4 * a * c;
575 double dx = .5 * Math.sqrt(dis) / Math.abs(a);
578 if (Math.abs(zero1) <= 1) {
581 if (Math.abs(zero2) <= 1) {
588 return new double[] { ye, zero1, zero2, nz };
591 private double var_o(double k, double t) {
592 return 124.7746 - 1.5637558 * k + .0020691 * t * t + .00000215 * t * t * t;
595 private double var_f(double k, double t) {
596 return 160.7108 + 390.67050274 * k - .0016341 * t * t - .00000227 * t * t * t + .000000011 * t * t * t * t;
599 private double var_m1(double k, double t) {
600 return 201.5643 + 385.81693528 * k + .1017438 * t * t + .00001239 * t * t * t - .000000058 * t * t * t * t;
603 private double var_m(double k, double t) {
604 return 2.5534 + 29.10535669 * k - .0000218 * t * t - .00000011 * t * t * t;
607 private double var_e(double t) {
608 return 1 - .002516 * t - .0000074 * t * t;
611 private double var_jde(double k, double t) {
612 return 2451550.09765 + 29.530588853 * k + .0001337 * t * t - .00000015 * t * t * t
613 + .00000000073 * t * t * t * t;
616 private double var_k(Calendar cal, double tz) {
617 return (cal.get(Calendar.YEAR) + (cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) + tz) / 365 - 2000) * 12.3685;
620 private double moonCorrection(double jd, double t, double k) {
622 ret += .000325 * SN(299.77 + .107408 * k - .009173 * t * t) + .000165 * SN(251.88 + .016321 * k)
623 + .000164 * SN(251.83 + 26.651886 * k) + .000126 * SN(349.42 + 36.412478 * k)
624 + .00011 * SN(84.66 + 18.206239 * k);
625 ret += .000062 * SN(141.74 + 53.303771 * k) + .00006 * SN(207.14 + 2.453732 * k)
626 + .000056 * SN(154.84 + 7.30686 * k) + .000047 * SN(34.52 + 27.261239 * k)
627 + .000042 * SN(207.19 + .121824 * k) + .00004 * SN(291.34 + 1.844379 * k);
628 ret += .000037 * SN(161.72 + 24.198154 * k) + .000035 * SN(239.56 + 25.513099 * k)
629 + .000023 * SN(331.55 + 3.592518 * k);
633 private double getCoefficient(double d, double m, double m1, double f) {
634 int[] kd = new int[] { 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 0, 2, 2,
635 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 0, 3, 2, 4, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 2, 0, 1, 2, 2 };
636 int[] km = new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
637 -1, 0, -2, 1, 2, -2, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 2, 2, 1, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 2, 1, 0, 0 };
638 int[] km1 = new int[] { 1, -1, 0, 2, 0, 0, -2, -1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 3, -2, -1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 2, 0,
639 -3, -2, -1, -2, 1, 0, 2, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1, 2, -1, 1, -2, -1, -1, -2, 0, 1, 4, 0, -2, 0, 2, 1, -2, -3, 2,
641 int[] kf = new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, 2, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,
642 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2, -2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -2 };
643 int[] kr = new int[] { -20905355, -3699111, -2955968, -569925, 48888, -3149, 246158, -152138, -170733, -204586,
644 -129620, 108743, 104755, 10321, 0, 79661, -34782, -23210, -21636, 24208, 30824, -8379, -16675, -12831,
645 -10445, -11650, 14403, -7003, 0, 10056, 6322, -9884, 5751, 0, -4950, 4130, 0, -3958, 0, 3258, 2616,
646 -1897, -2117, 2354, 0, 0, -1423, -1117, -1571, -1739, 0, -4421, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1165, 0, 0, 8752 };
648 for (int t = 0; t < 60; t++) {
649 sr += kr[t] * CS(kd[t] * d + km[t] * m + km1[t] * m1 + kf[t] * f);
655 * Sets the azimuth, elevation and zodiac in the moon object.
657 private void setAzimuthElevationZodiac(double julianDate, double latitude, double longitude, Moon moon) {
658 double lat = latitude * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
659 double lon = longitude * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
661 double gmst = toGMST(julianDate);
662 double lmst = toLMST(gmst, lon) * 15. * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
664 double d = julianDate - 2447891.5;
665 double anomalyMean = 360 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD / 365.242191 * d + 4.87650757829735 - 4.935239984568769;
666 double nu = anomalyMean + 360.0 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD / Math.PI * 0.016713 * Math.sin(anomalyMean);
667 double sunLon = mod2Pi(nu + 4.935239984568769);
669 double l0 = 318.351648 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
670 double p0 = 36.340410 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
671 double n0 = 318.510107 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
672 double i = 5.145396 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD;
673 double l = 13.1763966 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * d + l0;
674 double mMoon = l - 0.1114041 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * d - p0;
675 double n = n0 - 0.0529539 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * d;
676 double c = l - sunLon;
677 double ev = 1.2739 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(2 * c - mMoon);
678 double ae = 0.1858 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(anomalyMean);
679 double a3 = 0.37 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(anomalyMean);
680 double mMoon2 = mMoon + ev - ae - a3;
681 double ec = 6.2886 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(mMoon2);
682 double a4 = 0.214 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(2 * mMoon2);
683 double l2 = l + ev + ec - ae + a4;
684 double v = 0.6583 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(2 * (l2 - sunLon));
686 double n2 = n - 0.16 * SunCalc.DEG2RAD * Math.sin(anomalyMean);
688 double moonLon = mod2Pi(n2 + Math.atan2(Math.sin(l3 - n2) * Math.cos(i), Math.cos(l3 - n2)));
689 double moonLat = Math.asin(Math.sin(l3 - n2) * Math.sin(i));
691 double raDec[] = ecl2Equ(moonLat, moonLon, julianDate);
693 double distance = (1 - 0.00301401) / (1 + 0.054900 * Math.cos(mMoon2 + ec)) * 384401;
695 double raDecTopo[] = geoEqu2TopoEqu(raDec, distance, lat, lmst);
696 double azAlt[] = equ2AzAlt(raDecTopo[0], raDecTopo[1], lat, lmst);
698 Position position = moon.getPosition();
699 position.setAzimuth(azAlt[0] * SunCalc.RAD2DEG);
700 position.setElevation(azAlt[1] * SunCalc.RAD2DEG + refraction(azAlt[1]));
703 double idxd = Math.floor(moonLon * SunCalc.RAD2DEG / 30);
706 idx = (int) (Math.ceil(idxd));
708 idx = (int) (Math.floor(idxd));
711 if (idx >= 0 || idx <= ZodiacSign.values().length) {
712 moon.setZodiac(new Zodiac(ZodiacSign.values()[idx]));
716 private double mod2Pi(double x) {
717 return (mod(x, 2. * Math.PI));
720 private double mod(double a, double b) {
721 return (a - Math.floor(a / b) * b);
725 * Transform equatorial coordinates (ra/dec) to horizonal coordinates
726 * (azimuth/altitude).
728 private double[] equ2AzAlt(double ra, double dec, double geolat, double lmst) {
729 double cosdec = Math.cos(dec);
730 double sindec = Math.sin(dec);
731 double lha = lmst - ra;
732 double coslha = Math.cos(lha);
733 double sinlha = Math.sin(lha);
734 double coslat = Math.cos(geolat);
735 double sinlat = Math.sin(geolat);
737 double n = -cosdec * sinlha;
738 double d = sindec * coslat - cosdec * coslha * sinlat;
739 double az = mod2Pi(Math.atan2(n, d));
740 double alt = Math.asin(sindec * sinlat + cosdec * coslha * coslat);
742 return new double[] { az, alt };
746 * Transform ecliptical coordinates (lon/lat) to equatorial coordinates
749 private double[] ecl2Equ(double lat, double lon, double jd) {
750 double t = (jd - 2451545.0) / 36525.0;
751 double eps = (23. + (26 + 21.45 / 60.) / 60. + t * (-46.815 + t * (-0.0006 + t * 0.00181)) / 3600.)
753 double coseps = Math.cos(eps);
754 double sineps = Math.sin(eps);
756 double sinlon = Math.sin(lon);
757 double ra = mod2Pi(Math.atan2((sinlon * coseps - Math.tan(lat) * sineps), Math.cos(lon)));
758 double dec = Math.asin(Math.sin(lat) * coseps + Math.cos(lat) * sineps * sinlon);
760 return new double[] { ra, dec };
764 * Transform geocentric equatorial coordinates (rA/dec) to topocentric
765 * equatorial coordinates.
767 private double[] geoEqu2TopoEqu(double[] raDec, double distance, double observerLat, double lmst) {
768 double cosdec = Math.cos(raDec[1]);
769 double sindec = Math.sin(raDec[1]);
770 double coslst = Math.cos(lmst);
771 double sinlst = Math.sin(lmst);
772 double coslat = Math.cos(observerLat);
773 double sinlat = Math.sin(observerLat);
774 double rho = getCenterDistance(observerLat);
776 double x = distance * cosdec * Math.cos(raDec[0]) - rho * coslat * coslst;
777 double y = distance * cosdec * Math.sin(raDec[0]) - rho * coslat * sinlst;
778 double z = distance * sindec - rho * sinlat;
780 double distanceTopocentric = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
781 double raTopo = mod2Pi(Math.atan2(y, x));
782 double decTopo = Math.asin(z / distanceTopocentric);
784 return new double[] { raTopo, decTopo };
788 * Convert julian date to greenwich mean sidereal time.
790 private double toGMST(double jd) {
791 double ut = (jd - 0.5 - Math.floor(jd - 0.5)) * 24.;
792 double jdMod = Math.floor(jd - 0.5) + 0.5;
793 double t = (jdMod - 2451545.0) / 36525.0;
794 double t0 = 6.697374558 + t * (2400.051336 + t * 0.000025862);
795 return (mod(t0 + ut * 1.002737909, 24.));
799 * Convert greenwich mean sidereal time to local mean sidereal time.
801 private double toLMST(double gmst, double lon) {
802 return mod(gmst + SunCalc.RAD2DEG * lon / 15., 24.);
806 * Returns geocentric distance from earth center.
808 private double getCenterDistance(double lat) {
809 double co = Math.cos(lat);
810 double si = Math.sin(lat);
811 double fl = 1.0 - 1.0 / 298.257223563;
814 double u = 1.0 / Math.sqrt(co * co + fl * si);
815 double a = 6378.137 * u;
816 double b = 6378.137 * fl * u;
817 return Math.sqrt(a * a * co * co + b * b * si);
821 * Returns altitude increase in altitude in degrees. Rough refraction
822 * formula using standard atmosphere: 1015 mbar and 10°C.
824 private double refraction(double alt) {
826 int temperature = 10;
827 double altdeg = alt * SunCalc.RAD2DEG;
829 if (altdeg < -2 || altdeg >= 90) {
834 return 0.00452 * pressure / ((273 + temperature) * Math.tan(alt));
839 double p = (pressure - 80.0) / 930.0;
840 double q = 0.0048 * (temperature - 10.0);
845 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
846 n = y + (7.31 / (y + 4.4));
847 n = 1.0 / Math.tan(n * SunCalc.DEG2RAD);
848 d = n * p / (60.0 + q * (n + 39.0));
851 n = ((n != 0.0) && (y0 != 0.0)) ? y - n * (alt + d - y) / y0 : alt + d;